Room 232, Telecom Building
Tongji University
4800 Cao'an Road, Jiading
201804 Shanghai, China
email: zhaojunqiao(AT)tongji.edu.cn
I am a Tenured associate professor at the School of Computer Science and Engineering, and the Institute of Intelligent Vehicles of Tongji University. I obtained my PhD degree from the State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering on Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing (LIESMARS), Wuhan University, and my BSc from Southeast University. I did my PostDoc in the Section of GIS technology of the Delft University of Technology. And I also had been a visiting student to the Technique University of Munich and the Leibniz Univeristy of Hannover.
I am currently working on Embodied AI and Autonomous Systems and particularly in the spectra of Reinforcement Learning , Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM), Place recognition and Localization
I lead the TIEV (Tongji Intelligent Electric Vehicle) Lab and developed two autonomous driving platforms TIEV 途灵 and TIEV 途灵 Plus jointly with colleagues at Tongji Intelligent Vehicle Insistute. Both systems have been Open-sourced! TiEV Plus , TiEV
I was the PI of the NSFC project "Multi-scale semantic landmarks-based SLAM for autonomous driving " (No. 41871370) 2019-2022. The co-PI of the sub-project of The National Key Research and Development Program of China " Construction and real-time control of Autonomous driving system twins " (No. 2020YFA0711402) 2020-2023. The co-PI of the sub-project of The National Key Research and Development Program of China " Traffic object sensing and localization with high precision maps " (No. 2021YFB2501104) 2021-2024. And I was the PI of the NSFC young scholar project "Automatic Simplification of 3D Building Models for Navigation Purpose" (No.41201379). And the PI of the Program for Young Excellent Talents in Tongji University "Automatic Reparation of 3D Building Models" (No.2014KJ027).
I had participated in several projects including:
@article{Zhou2026,
author = {Hongtu Zhou, Qian Chen, Junqiao Zhao, Haoqi Zhao, Changhao Yin, Qingjun Wang, Hang Yu, Ziqiao Wang, Jun Wang, Chen Ye, Guang Chen},
title = {QUAD: Q-Gradient Uncertainty-Aware Guidance for Diffusion policies in Offline Reinforcement Learning},
journal = {Submitted to ICML},
year = {2026}
}@article{Yu2026,
author = {Hang Yu, Di Zhang, Qiwei Du, Yanping Zhao, Hai Zhang, Guang Chen, Eduardo E. Veas, Junqiao Zhao},
title = {ASTRO: Adaptive Stitching via Dynamics-Guided Trajectory Rollouts},
journal = {Submitted to ICML},
year = {2026}
}@article{Mu2026PF-SGS,
author = {mu, wenjie and Liu, Ziniu and Wu, Tong and Li, Zhan and su, Chuanzhou and SHEN, XUANYI and Lu, Fan and Zhao, Junqiao and Feng, Tiantian and Ye, Chen and Chen, Guang},
title = {PF-SGS: Pose-Free Streaming 3D Gaussian Splatting for Large-Scale Scene Reconstruction},
journal = {ArXiv},
year = {2026}
}@article{Kim2026,
author = {Wonbong Kim, Jiatong Xiao, Rui Li, Xufei Wang, Qiwen Gu, Junqiao Zhao, Chen Ye, Guang Chen},
title = {GeoUniPR: A Geometry-Consistent Unified Framework for Cross-Modal Place Recognition},
journal = {Submitted to ICML},
year = {2026}
}@article{Gu2026,
author = {Qiwen Gu, Xin Zhou, Xiwu Chen, Zhongyang Zhu, Zhuo Zhang, Junqiao Zhao},
title = {A Unified Framework for Image-to-3D Part Generation via Variable Granularity},
journal = {Submitted to ICML},
year = {2026}
}@article{Di2026,
author = {Di Zhang, Weicheng Duan, Dasen Gu, Hongye Lu, Hai Zhang, Hang Yu, Junqiao Zhao, Guang Chen},
title = {Learning Geometrically-Grounded 3D Visual Representations for View-Generalizable Robotic Manipulation},
journal = {Submitted to CVPR},
year = {2026}
}@article{Chen2026ACSAC,
author = {Chen, Qian and Zhao, Junqiao and Zhou, Hongtu and Yu, Hang and Zhao, Yanping and Ye, Chen and Chen, Guang},
title = {ACSAC: Adaptive Chunk Size Actor-Critic with Causal Transformer Q-Network},
journal = {ArXiv},
year = {2026}
}@article{Zhang2025,
author = {Zhang, Xinyu and Huang, Kai and Zhao*, Junqiao and Feng, Tiantian},
title = {Multi-LVI-SAM: A Robust LiDAR-Visual-Inertial Odometry for Multiple Fisheye Cameras},
journal = {Submitted to ISPRS J PE&RS},
year = {2025}
}@article{Wenjie2025,
author = {Mu, Wenjie and Shen, Xuanyi and Su, Chuanzhou and Li, Zhan and Zhao*, Junqiao and Feng, Tiantian and Ye, Chen and Jiang, Changjun},
title = {Deep Bundle-Adjusting Local-to-Global Registration for Unposed Generalizable Neural Radiance Fields},
journal = {ArXiv},
year = {2025}
}@inproceedings{Yu2026PointVLA,
author = {Yu, Hang and Zhao, Juntu and Liu, Yufeng and Li, Kaiyu and Ma, Cheng and Zhang, Di and Hu, Yingdong and Chen, Guang and Xie, Junyuan and Guo, Junliang and Zhao*, Junqiao and Gao, Yang},
title = {Point What You Mean: Visually Grounded Instruction Policy},
booktitle = {IEEE IROS 2026},
year = {2026}
}@inproceedings{Xue2026SignalStructureAwareGaussianSplatting,
author = {Xue, Weiyi and Lu, Fan and Zhang, Chi and Wang, Tianhang and Qu, Sangqing and Zheng, Zehan and Zheng, Boyuan and Zhao, Junqiao and Chen, Guang},
title = {Signal Structure-Aware Gaussian Splatting for Large-Scale Scene Reconstruction},
booktitle = {ICLR2026},
year = {2026},
address = {Rio de Janeiro, Brazil}
}@inproceedings{Wang2026CURE,
author = {Wang, Jiean and Qu, Sanqing and Lu, Fan and Bao, Huanhuan and Tian, Wei and Jin, Bo and Li, Jiangtong and Zhao, Junqiao and Chen, Guang},
title = {{CURE}: Contextual Debiasing and Unbiased Refinement for Training-Free Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation},
booktitle = {ECCV2026},
year = {2026}
}@inproceedings{Wang2026BeyondPenalization,
author = {Wang, Qingjun and Zhou, Hongtu and Yu, Hang and Zhao*, Junqiao and Zhao, Yanping and Ye, Chen and Wang, Ziqiao and Chen, Guang},
title = {Beyond Penalization: Diffusion-based Out-of-Distribution Detection and Selective Regularization in Offline Reinforcement Learning},
booktitle = {ICLR2026},
year = {2026},
address = {Rio de Janeiro, Brazil}
}@inproceedings{Mu2026MUGeNeRF,
author = {Mu, Wenjie and Li, Zhan and Su, Chuanzhou and Shen, Xuanyi and Liu, Ziniu and Lu, Fan and Mo, Yujian and Zhao, Junqiao and Feng, Tiantian and Ye, Chen and Chen, Guang},
title = {MU-GeNeRF: Multi-view Uncertainty-guided Generalizable Neural Radiance Fields for Distractor-aware Scene},
booktitle = {CVPR2026},
year = {2026}
}@inproceedings{Liu2026NuminaLeanAgent,
author = {Liu, Junqi and Zhou, Zihao and Zhu, Zekai and Dos Santos, Marco and He, Weikun and liu, jiawei and Xie, Yunzhou and Zhao, Junqiao and Wang, Qiufeng and Zhi, Lihong and LI, Jia and Li, Wenda},
title = {Numina-Lean-Agent: An Open and General Agentic Reasoning System for Formal Mathematics},
booktitle = {ICML2026},
year = {2026}
}@inproceedings{Huang2026PotentiallyOptimalJointActions,
author = {Huang, Chang and Zhu, Shatong and Zhao*, Junqiao and Zhou, Hongtu and Zhang, Hai and Zhang, Di and Ye, Chen and Wang, Ziqiao and Chen, Guang},
title = {Potentially Optimal Joint Actions Recognition for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning},
booktitle = {ICLR2026},
year = {2026},
address = {Rio de Janeiro, Brazil}
}@article{Xiaolong2025,
author = {Yu, Xiaolong and Zhao*, Junqiao and Song, Shuangfu and Zhu, Zhongyang and Yuan, Zihan and Ye, Chen and Feng, Tiantian},
title = {Convex Hull-based Algebraic Constraint for Visual Quadric SLAM },
journal = {IEEE IROS 2025},
year = {2025}
}@article{Reining2024,
author = {Zhang, Hai and Zheng, Boyuan and Guo, Anqi and Ji, Tianying and Heng, Pheng-Ann and Zhao*, Junqiao and Li, Lanqing},
title = {Scrutinize What We Ignore: Reining Task Representation Shift In Context-Based Offline Meta Reinforcement Learning},
journal = {ICLR 2025},
year = {2025}
}@article{Qiwen2025,
author = {Gu, Qiwen and Wang, Xufei and Zhao*, Junqiao and Tao, Siyue and Feng, Tiantian and Wang, Ziqiao and Chen, Guang},
title = {MutualVPR: A Mutual Learning Framework for Resolving Supervision Inconsistencies via Adaptive Clustering},
journal = {NIPS2025},
year = {2025}
}@article{Certain2025,
author = {Zhou, Hongtu and Yang, Ruiling and Zhu, Yakun and Zhao, Haoqi and Zhang, Hai and Zhang, Di and Ye, Chen and Zhao*, Junqiao and Jiang, Changjun},
title = {CERTAIN: Context Uncertainty-aware One-Shot Adaptation for Context-based Offline Meta Reinforcement Learning},
journal = {ICML 2025},
year = {2025}
}@article{Unicorn2024,
author = {Li, Lanqing and Zhang, Hai and Zhang, Xinyu and Zhu, Shatong and Zhao*, Junqiao and Heng, Pheng-Ann},
title = {Towards an Information Theoretic Framework of Context-Based Offline Meta-Reinforcement Learning},
journal = {NeurIPS 2024 Spotlight},
year = {2024}
}@conference{Song2024,
}@article{SMG2024,
author = {Zhang, Di and Lv, Bowen and. Zhang, Hai and Yang, Feifan and Zhou, Hongtu and Huang, Chang and Yu, Hang and Ye, Chen and Zhao*, Junqiao and Jiang, Changjun},
title = {Focus On What Matters: Separated Models For Visual-Based RL Generalization},
journal = {NeurIPS 2024},
year = {2024}
}@article{ZhangXiao-2023,
author = {Zhang, Xiao and Zhang, Hai and Zhou, Hongtu and Huang, Chang and Zhang, Di and Ye*, Chen and Zhao*, Junqiao},
title = {Safe Reinforcement Learning with Dead-Ends Avoidance and Recovery},
journal = {Accepted by RAL and will be presented at ICRA2014},
year = {2023}
}@conference{Zhang-finetune2023,
}@conference{IV-2023chang,
}@article{Huangkai2023,
author = {Huang, Kai and Zhao*, Junqiao and Zhu, Zhongyang and Ye, Chen and Feng, Tiantian},
title = {LOG-LIO: A LiDAR-Inertial Odometry with Efficient Local Geometric Information Estimation},
journal = {Accepted by RAL and will be presented at ICRA2014},
year = {2023}
}@conference{MFI-2022lyj,
}@conference{MFI-2022cyf,
}@conference{IROS-2022ssf,
}@conference{ITSC-2021Rj,
}@conference{ICRA-2021Yxn,
}@conference{ICRA-2021Csj,
}@inproceedings{Yang_2020_ACCV,
author = {Yang, Xinneng and Wu, Yan and Zhao, Junqiao and Liu, Feilin},
title = {Dense Dual-Path Network for Real-time Semantic Segmentation},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV)},
year = {2020},
month = {November}
}@conference{ITSC-2020Rxz,
}@conference{IV-2019lijun,
}@conference{IV-2019dequan,
}@conference{ITSC-2019kr,
}@conference{ICRA-2019,
}@conference{IV-2018wuyan,
}@conference{IV-2018huang,
}@conference{IV-2018guan,
}@conference{IV-2018,
}@conference{2018arXiv180407028H,
}@conference{2018arXiv180406210Z,
}@inproceedings{zhouCHPOConstrainedHybridaction2025,
author = {Zhou, Ao and Guan, Jiayi and Shen, Li and Lu, Fan and Qu, Sanqing and Zhao, Junqiao and Wang, Ziqiao and Wu, Ya and Chen, Guang},
title = {{{CHPO}}: {{Constrained Hybrid-action Policy Optimization}} for {{Reinforcement Learning}}},
booktitle = {{{NIPS}} '25: {{Proceedings}} of the 39th {{International Conference}} on {{Neural Information Processing Systems}}},
year = 2025,
address = {San Diago, US}
}@article{Wang2026RAL,
author = {Wang, Xufei and Tian, Gengxuan and Zhao*, Junqiao and Tao, Siyue and Gu, Qiwen and You, Qiankun and Kim, Wonbong and Feng, Tiantian},
title = {Learning from Mistakes: {Loss-Aware} Memory Enhanced Continual Learning for {LiDAR} Place Recognition},
journal = {IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters},
year = {2026}
}@article{Wang2026ISPRS,
author = {Wang, Xufei and Tian, Gengxuan and Zhao*, Junqiao and Tao, Siyue and Gu, Qiwen and Yu, Qiankun and Feng, Tiantian},
title = {Ranking-aware Continual Learning for {LiDAR} Place Recognition},
journal = {ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing},
year = {2026},
volume = {236},
pages = {197-211}
}@article{songUN3MappingUncertaintyAwareNeural2025,
author = {Song, Shuangfu and Zhao, Junqiao and Veas, Eduardo and Lin, Jiaye and Cao, Qiuyi and Ye, Chen and Feng, Tiantian},
title = {{{UN3-Mapping}}: {{Uncertainty-Aware Neural Non-Projective Signed Distance Fields}} for {{3D Mapping}}},
journal = {IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters},
year = {2025},
pages = {1--8}
}@article{Ziheng2024,
author = {Jiang, Ziheng and Huang, Chang and Zhou, Hongtu and Zhou*, Linlin and Ye, Chen and Zhao*, Junqiao},
title = {Batch Informed Vines (BIV*): Heuristically Guided Exploration of Narrow Passages by Batch Vine Expansion},
journal = {IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters },
year = {2024}
}@article{ZhuZY2023,
author = {Zhu, Zhongyang and Zhao*, Junqiao and Huang, Kai and Tian, Xuebo and Lin, Jiaye and Ye, Chen},
title = {LIMOT: A Tightly-Couple System for LiDAR-Inertial Odometry and Multi-Object Tracking},
journal = {IEEE RAL (Accepted)},
year = {2024}
}@article{ZhangFL2024,
author = {Zhang, Fenglin and Zhao*, Junqiao and Cai, Yingfeng and Tian, Gengxuan and Mu, Wenjie and Ye, Chen},
title = {Learning Sequence Descriptor based on Spatio-Temporal Attention for Visual Place Recognition},
journal = {IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (Accepted)},
year = {2024}
}@article{TianGX2023,
author = {Tian, Gengxuan and Zhao*, Junqiao and Cai, Yingfeng and Zhang, Fenglin and Mu, Wenjie and Ye, Chen},
title = {Vector Neurons-based Rotation-Invariant Descriptor for Lidar Place Recognition},
journal = {ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing},
year = {2024}
}@article{Song2024,
author = {Song, Shuangfu and Zhao*, Junqiao and Huang, Kai and Lin, Jiaye and Ye, Chen and Feng, Tiantian},
title = {N$^{3}$-Mapping: Normal Guided Neural Non-Projective Signed Distance Fields for Large-scale 3D Mapping},
journal = {IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (accepted)},
year = {2024}
}@article{Loglio22024,
author = {Huang, Kai and Zhao*, Junqiao and Lin, Jiaye and Zhu, Zhongyang and Song, Shuangfu and Ye, Chen and Feng, Tiantian},
title = {LOG-LIO2: A LiDAR-Inertial Odometry with Efficient Uncertainty Analysis},
journal = {IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters},
year = {2024}
}@article{Huangkai2023,
author = {Huang, Kai and Zhao*, Junqiao and Zhu, Zhongyang and Ye, Chen and Feng, Tiantian},
title = {LOG-LIO: A LiDAR-Inertial Odometry with Efficient Local Geometric Information Estimation},
journal = {IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters},
year = {2024},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {459-466}
}@article{ZhangXiao-2023,
author = {Zhang, Xiao and Zhang, Hai and Zhou, Hongtu and Huang, Chang and Zhang, Di and Ye*, Chen and Zhao*, Junqiao},
title = {Safe Reinforcement Learning with Dead-Ends Avoidance and Recovery},
journal = {IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (Accepted)},
year = {2023}
}@article{Tian_DLSLOT_2023,
author = {Tian, Xuebo and Zhu, Zhongyang and Zhao*, Junqiao and Tian, Gengxuan and Ye, Chen},
title = {DL-SLOT: Dynamic LiDAR SLAM and object tracking based on collaborative graph optimization},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles},
year = {2023},
volume = {(Early Access)}
}@article{ZHAO2022102900,
author = {Junqiao Zhao and Qiaoyu Xu and Sisi Zlatanova and Liu Liu and Chen Ye and Tiantian Feng},
title = {Weighted octree-based 3D indoor pathfinding for multiple locomotion types},
journal = {International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation},
year = {2022},
volume = {112},
pages = {102900}
}@article{RAL-2021Xhr,
author = {Xiao, Hongru and Han, Yanqun and Zhao*, Junqiao and Cui, Jiafeng and Xiong, Lu and Yu, Zhuoping},
title = {LIO-Vehicle: A Tightly-Coupled Vehicle Dynamics Extension of Lidar Inertial Odometry},
journal = {IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RAL)},
year = {2022},
volume = {7},
pages = {446-453}
}@article{IEEEITS-2021Kf,
author = {Xiong, Lu and Kang, Rong and Zhao*, Junqiao and Zhang, Peizhi and Xu, Mingyu and Ju, Ran and Ye, Chen and Feng, Tiantian},
title = {G-VIDO: A Vehicle Dynamics and Intermittent GNSS Aided Visual-Inertial State Estimator For Autonomous Driving},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
year = {2022},
volume = {23},
number = {8},
pages = {11845-11861}
}@article{HUST-2022Juran,
author = {余卓平 and 鞠然 and 韩燕群 and 赵君峤*},
title = {融合车辆动力学的双目视觉惯性SLAM研究},
journal = {华中科技大学学报(自然科学版)},
year = {2022}
}@article{RAL-2021Csj,
author = {Chen, Shujia and Song, Shuangfu and Zhao*, Junqiao and Tiantian Feng and Ye, Chen and Li, Deyi},
title = {Robust Dual Quadric Initialization for Forward-Translating Camera Movements},
journal = {IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RAL)},
year = {2021},
volume = {6},
number = {3},
pages = {4712-4719}
}@article{IEEETIV-2021Lf,
author = {Chen, Guang and Lu, Fan and Li, Zhijun and Liu, Yinlong and Dong, Jinhu and Zhao, Junqiao and Yu, Junwei and Knoll, Alois},
title = {Pole-Curb Fusion based Robust and Efficient Autonomous Vehicle Localization System with Branch-and-Bound Global Optimization and Local Grid Map Method},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology},
year = {2021},
volume = {70},
pages = {11283-11294}
}@article{zhao2018hsw,
author = {Zhao, Junqiao and Ledoux, Hugo and Stoter, Jantien and Feng, Tiantian},
title = {HSW: Heuristic Shrink-wrapping for automatically repairing solid-based CityGML LOD2 building models},
journal = {ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing},
year = {2018},
volume = {146},
pages = {289--304}
}Zekai Zhu (2024)
Jiaye Lin (2023)
Wenjie Mu (2022)
Xufei Wang (2022)
Shuangfu Song (2020) (Jointly with Tiantian Feng)
Ziniu Liu (2025)
Qiwen Gu (2024)
Xinrong Wang (2024)
Siyue Tao (2023)
Zihan Yuan (2023)
Qian Chen (2025)
Jialin Liu (2024)
Hongtu Zhou (2021)
Yanping Zhao (2025)
Hang Yu (2024)
Qingjun Wang (2024) (Jointly with Chen Ye)
Di Zhang (2023)
Ziheng Jiang(2022) (Jointly with Chen Ye)
Zhongyang Zhu (2022) Facetime Outstanding graduates of Shanghai!
Hai Zhang (2022) HKU Outstanding graduates of Shanghai!
Xiaolong Yu (2022) DEEP Robotics
Kai Huang (PhD) (Jointly with Tiantian Feng)
Xiao Zhang(2021) (Jointly with Chen Ye) Momenta
Chang Huang (2021) Horizon
Fenglin Zhang (2021) SenseTime
Gengxuan Tian (2021) DiDi
Siyuan Li (2021) (Jointly with Zhuoping Yu)
Zhihong Chen (2020) (Jointly with Tiantian Feng)
Xiaowei Ouyang (2020) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Tengfei Huang (2020) LiAuto
Yingfeng Cai (2020) Horizon
Jiafeng Cui (2020) (Jointly with Xiong Lu) SenseTime
Haoyu Xing (2020) (Jointly with Xiong Lu) Baidu
Hongru Xiao (2020) (Jointly with Xiong Lu)
Xuebo Tian (2019) (Jointly with Deyi Li) Xiaomi
Rong Kong (2018) (Jointly with Xiong Lu) Huawei
Shujia Chen (2018) (Jointly with Deyi Li) Huawei
Jianfeng LI (2018) (Jointly with Tiantian Feng) SenseTime
Xinglian Zhang (2017) (Jointly with Tiantian Feng)
Jun Li (2017) (Jointly with Deyi Li) Huawei
Xudong He (2016) DiDi
Yewei Huang (2016) (Jointly with Tiantian Feng) Stevens Institute of Technology
Shaobo Zhou (2015) (Jointly with Shaoming Zhang)
Sjors Donkers (2013) Automatic generation of CityGML LoD3 building models from IFC models. (Jointly with Hugo Ledoux)
Zhan Li, Shatong Zhu, Ruilin Yang, Weiye Qiu, Weicheng Duan, Haoye Lu, Yakun Zhu, Haoqi Zhao, Rui Li (from 2024)
Boyuan Zheng, Anqi Guo, Bowen Lv, Feifan Yang, Zhihao Yang, Zhiyi Xu, Xuanyi Shen, Chuanzhou Su, Zhan Li, Peng Xu (from 2023)
Hang Yu, Haotian Pang, Zihao Yang, Xin Liu, Jie Wang, Shatong Zhu, Jialin Liu (from 2022)
Qingchen Kong, Yuhan Wang (from Jun 2021)
Opensource AV Simulator (Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China)
Xiaodong Bi, Yifan Hu, Chenyu Tang, Yanting Tao(from Jun 2020)
Opensource AV Simulator (Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China)
Zhenrui Qin, Jiancong Peng (from May 2019)
TiEV Planner (Supported by NSFC)
Ziyue Zhang, Wenhao Zhang, Hui Wang (from May 2019)
Opensource AV Simulator (Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China)
Luocheng Fang (from May 2019)
3D traffic object detection and tracking (Supported by National Student Innovation Trainning Program)
Jianting Chen, Yang Liu, Tianxiang Dong (from May 2015)
Range finder based on Mono-vision and plate detection (Supported by National Student Innovation Training Program)
Yewei Huang, Haiting Wang, Kefei Zhan (from March 2014)
Indoor localization based on structured image sets. (Supported by National Student Innovation Training Program)
(together with Shaoming Zhang)